From the midnight sun to the long white cloud : Finns in New Zealand
Koivukangas, Olavi (1996)
Koivukangas, Olavi
Siirtolaisuusinstituutti
1996
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022031123247
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022031123247
Kuvaus
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Chapter I: INTRODUCTION
1. The Islands
2. A Land of the Long White Cloud
3. A Land of the Midnight Sun
4. Former Research
5. The Aim of the Study
6. The Major Sources
Chapter II: HERMAN SPÖRING FROM TURKU, FINLAND, SAILED WlTH JAMES COOKIN NEW
ZEALAND IN 1769–70
Chapter III: FINNS AMONG WHALERS
Chapter IV: GOLDDIGGERS AND OTHER EARLY FINNS
Chapter V: SOUTH ISLAND - THE GATEWAY TO THE COLONY
1. Port of Lyttelton
2. Little River
3. Pigeon Bay
4. Other South Island Settlers
Chapter VI: NORTH ISLAND – THE MAIN SETTLEMENT
1. Province of Auckland
2. Hawkes Bay Province
3. Wellington Province
Chapter VII: F1SHERMEN ON STEWART ISLAND
Chapter VIII: GABRIEL JOHANSON, A SHIPWRECKED SETTLER, CHATHAM ISLAND
Chapter IX: THE "PAMIR" -APRIZE OF WAR 1941–49
1. A Rose of White Sailing Ships
2. The Seizure
3. The Crew in New Zealand
4. Conclusion
Chapter X: ATTEMPTS TO GET FINNISH TIMBER WORKERS IN 1949–50
Chapter XI: PIONEERS OF THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY
1. Armas Kivi – a Canadian Finn
2. Sulo Kanerva
3. Jerm Thorwald Christiansen
Chapter XII: FROM THE KYMI VALLEY TO THE VOLCANIC PLATEAU –TOKOROA 1953
1. Arrival
2. Settling Down
3. The Tokoroa Finnish Club 1961–77
Chapter XIII: KAWERAU – THE FINNISH STRONGHOLD
1. The Paper Mill and the Town
2. From Finland to the Foot of Mount Edgecumbe
3. Settling down in Kawerau
4. The Kawerau Sauna Club
5. The Lutheran Church
6. The Kawerau Finnish Club 1961–84
Chapter XIV: WOMEN IN THE MAIN ROLE – FINNS TO NEW ZEALAND IN RECENT DECADES
Chapter XV: GENERAL REVIEW
1. Numbers
2. Areas of Origin
3. Dates of Arrival
4. Age at Arrival
5. Places of Settlement and Occupations – Major Contributions
6. Social and Religious Life
7. Offences against the Law
8. Contacts with Finland and Search for Roots
Chapter XVI: CONCLUSION AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES
1. Patterns of Migration
2. International Contexts
NOTES AND REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Appendix I: Finns to New Zealand before 1949
Appendix II: Finns to New Zealand after 1949.
Chapter I: INTRODUCTION
1. The Islands
2. A Land of the Long White Cloud
3. A Land of the Midnight Sun
4. Former Research
5. The Aim of the Study
6. The Major Sources
Chapter II: HERMAN SPÖRING FROM TURKU, FINLAND, SAILED WlTH JAMES COOKIN NEW
ZEALAND IN 1769–70
Chapter III: FINNS AMONG WHALERS
Chapter IV: GOLDDIGGERS AND OTHER EARLY FINNS
Chapter V: SOUTH ISLAND - THE GATEWAY TO THE COLONY
1. Port of Lyttelton
2. Little River
3. Pigeon Bay
4. Other South Island Settlers
Chapter VI: NORTH ISLAND – THE MAIN SETTLEMENT
1. Province of Auckland
2. Hawkes Bay Province
3. Wellington Province
Chapter VII: F1SHERMEN ON STEWART ISLAND
Chapter VIII: GABRIEL JOHANSON, A SHIPWRECKED SETTLER, CHATHAM ISLAND
Chapter IX: THE "PAMIR" -APRIZE OF WAR 1941–49
1. A Rose of White Sailing Ships
2. The Seizure
3. The Crew in New Zealand
4. Conclusion
Chapter X: ATTEMPTS TO GET FINNISH TIMBER WORKERS IN 1949–50
Chapter XI: PIONEERS OF THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY
1. Armas Kivi – a Canadian Finn
2. Sulo Kanerva
3. Jerm Thorwald Christiansen
Chapter XII: FROM THE KYMI VALLEY TO THE VOLCANIC PLATEAU –TOKOROA 1953
1. Arrival
2. Settling Down
3. The Tokoroa Finnish Club 1961–77
Chapter XIII: KAWERAU – THE FINNISH STRONGHOLD
1. The Paper Mill and the Town
2. From Finland to the Foot of Mount Edgecumbe
3. Settling down in Kawerau
4. The Kawerau Sauna Club
5. The Lutheran Church
6. The Kawerau Finnish Club 1961–84
Chapter XIV: WOMEN IN THE MAIN ROLE – FINNS TO NEW ZEALAND IN RECENT DECADES
Chapter XV: GENERAL REVIEW
1. Numbers
2. Areas of Origin
3. Dates of Arrival
4. Age at Arrival
5. Places of Settlement and Occupations – Major Contributions
6. Social and Religious Life
7. Offences against the Law
8. Contacts with Finland and Search for Roots
Chapter XVI: CONCLUSION AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES
1. Patterns of Migration
2. International Contexts
NOTES AND REFERENCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Appendix I: Finns to New Zealand before 1949
Appendix II: Finns to New Zealand after 1949.
Tiivistelmä
The history of the Finns in New Zealand starts with H. D. Spöring from Turku, Finland, sailing on board the “Endeavour” with James Cook in 1768–71. The first permanent settlers were whalers, sailors and gold miners followed by farming people to settle in small colonies by chain migration.
During the Second World War the New Zealand Government seized the Finnish sailing vessel “Pamir”, pictured on the cover, in Wellington, and many crewmembers remained in New Zealand. In the 1950’s Finns were the pioneers of the New Zealand pulp and paper industry in Tokoroa and Kawerau.
In the last few decades a major reason for a Finn to settle in New Zealand has been marriage with a New Zealander. Finnish emigration to New Zealand has been only a trickle compared with the major flows to the United States and other destinations.
But the arrival of some 2,000 Finns to the “Aotearoa” is a unique and interesting story of the European overseas emigration worth telling to the posterity – as well as the contribution of sturdy Finns and their descendants to the multiethnic society of New Zealand.
During the Second World War the New Zealand Government seized the Finnish sailing vessel “Pamir”, pictured on the cover, in Wellington, and many crewmembers remained in New Zealand. In the 1950’s Finns were the pioneers of the New Zealand pulp and paper industry in Tokoroa and Kawerau.
In the last few decades a major reason for a Finn to settle in New Zealand has been marriage with a New Zealander. Finnish emigration to New Zealand has been only a trickle compared with the major flows to the United States and other destinations.
But the arrival of some 2,000 Finns to the “Aotearoa” is a unique and interesting story of the European overseas emigration worth telling to the posterity – as well as the contribution of sturdy Finns and their descendants to the multiethnic society of New Zealand.