Frameworks and Mechanisms for Peaceful Elections and Resolving Election-Related Conflicts : A Critical Appraisal of Ghana’s Situation

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed at investigating the frameworks and mechanisms for peaceful elections and resolving election-related violence in Ghana. Method: A semi-structured interview comprising 40 questions was administered to 12 experts in the field. The respondents consist of journalists, legal professionals, electoral commission staff, election security personnel, CSOs in election observation, the Academia, and political parties’ representatives. Results: The study revealed that Ghana has a comprehensive set of frameworks and mechanisms (formal and informal), designed to promote peaceful elections and the resolution of conflict whenever they occur. These frameworks include the 1992 Constitution, the National Peace Council Act, the Electoral Commission Act (act 451), and the existence of the National Election Security Task Force. The roles of traditional and religious leaders, CSOs, the media and the judiciary have been identified to be crucial in resolving election-related conflicts. Conclusions: Despite the existence of these frameworks and mechanisms that govern the electoral process of Ghana, evidence suggests that their enforcement leaves much to be desired. Examples of selective enforcement of rules and perceived biases by authorities create a gap where vigilante groups exploit the situation to cause violence during elections. Key Words: Electoral violence, democracy, elections, frameworks and mechanisms, security.