Migration from Finland to North America in the Years between the United States Civil War and the First World War
Kero, Reino (1974)
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Lataukset:
Kero, Reino
Siirtolaisuusinstituutti
1974
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:951-641-124-X
https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:951-641-124-X
Kuvaus
Introduction
1. The present state of research
2. The source materials for emigration history
3. The application of Automatic Data Processing (ADP) techniques to the study of emigration history
4. The choice of samples
I The Beginnings of Migration Overseas
II The Extent of Finnish Emigration before the First World War
1. Emigration before 1887
2. Emigration during 1887–1892
3. Emigration during 1893–1914
III The Extent of Emigration from Different Areas of Finland
IV The Causes of Emigration
1. General causes
2. Individual reasons for emigrating
V Cyclical Phases in Emigration
1. Seasonal fluctuations in the strength of emigration
2. Cycles connected to short-term economic trends
3. Long-term trends as regulators of emigration
VI The Composition of Finnish Emigration
1. The occupational-social composition of emigration
2. The sex composition of emigration
3. The age distribution of emigrants
4. Family emigration and individual emigration
VII Finnish Emigrants as Objects of Competition between Shipping Lines
1. The golden age of Swedish agents in Finland (from the beginning of the 1870's to the lastter part of the 1880's)
2. Norddeutscher Lloyd's conquest and loss of the Finnish emigrant market (c. 1886–1894)
3. The period of the Finland Steamship Company's monopoly (1894–1914)
4. Recruiters of immigrants
5. The price of tickets
6. Prepaid tickets
7. The trip from Finland to countries overseas
Summary
Appendices
Abbreviations
Bibliography.
1. The present state of research
2. The source materials for emigration history
3. The application of Automatic Data Processing (ADP) techniques to the study of emigration history
4. The choice of samples
I The Beginnings of Migration Overseas
II The Extent of Finnish Emigration before the First World War
1. Emigration before 1887
2. Emigration during 1887–1892
3. Emigration during 1893–1914
III The Extent of Emigration from Different Areas of Finland
IV The Causes of Emigration
1. General causes
2. Individual reasons for emigrating
V Cyclical Phases in Emigration
1. Seasonal fluctuations in the strength of emigration
2. Cycles connected to short-term economic trends
3. Long-term trends as regulators of emigration
VI The Composition of Finnish Emigration
1. The occupational-social composition of emigration
2. The sex composition of emigration
3. The age distribution of emigrants
4. Family emigration and individual emigration
VII Finnish Emigrants as Objects of Competition between Shipping Lines
1. The golden age of Swedish agents in Finland (from the beginning of the 1870's to the lastter part of the 1880's)
2. Norddeutscher Lloyd's conquest and loss of the Finnish emigrant market (c. 1886–1894)
3. The period of the Finland Steamship Company's monopoly (1894–1914)
4. Recruiters of immigrants
5. The price of tickets
6. Prepaid tickets
7. The trip from Finland to countries overseas
Summary
Appendices
Abbreviations
Bibliography.
Tiivistelmä
In general, the term great emigration, has been taken to mean the stream of emigrants that left Europe in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries primarily for countries overseas. The major part of this stream flowed to North America, but South America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Siberia also received their share of it. Some emigrants returned to Europe, but most of them remained in America or in one of these other countries that received immigrants. In their new homelands, the immigrants preserved some cultural traits of the lands from which they departed, but also adopted characteristics of their new environment, thus giving birth to numerous immigrant cultures.
The departure of emigrants interested the newspapers, public officials, and researchers in the countries from which they left. They pondered the question of why millions and millions of people left their homelands and moved to countries overseas. In the overseas lands, the emigrants certainly received just as much attention, although as immigrants, they were examined from a different angle. There, attention has been directed above all to how rapidly or slowly immigrants adapted themselves to the demands of their new environment, and to what sorts of roles they played in the economic life of their new homelands.
The departure of emigrants interested the newspapers, public officials, and researchers in the countries from which they left. They pondered the question of why millions and millions of people left their homelands and moved to countries overseas. In the overseas lands, the emigrants certainly received just as much attention, although as immigrants, they were examined from a different angle. There, attention has been directed above all to how rapidly or slowly immigrants adapted themselves to the demands of their new environment, and to what sorts of roles they played in the economic life of their new homelands.