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    • Generic substitution policy, prices and market structure: evidence from a quasi-experiment in Finland 

      Hokkanen, Joni; Kangasharju, Aki; Linnosmaa, Ismo; Valtonen, Hannu
      VATT Working Papers : 35 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus VATT, 24.08.2012)
      The present paper evaluates the quantitative impact of a pharmaceutical reform on pharmaceutical prices. A generic substitution policy was introduced in Finland in 2003 to contain rising pharmaceutical expenditure. After ...

    • Matching inefficiencies, regional disparities and unemployment 

      Hynninen, Sanna-Mari; Kangasharju, Aki; Pehkonen, Jaakko
      VATT Working Papers : 4 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus VATT, 28.05.2009)
      In this paper we apply a stochastic frontier approach to examine how matching efficiency and regional differences in structural factors contribute to regional and aggregate unemployment. Our results suggest that there would ...