VATT Working Papers
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Profit shifting of multinational enterprises: evidence from the Nordics
VATT Working Papers : 155 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 16.05.2023)This paper studies how Nordic multinational enterprises (MNEs) react to tax incentives generated by international corporate income tax rate differences and shift profit to low tax countries. A firm level panel data set ... -
Tax planning and investment responses to dividend taxation
VATT Working Papers : 154 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 20.03.2023)This study explores how business owners respond to dividend taxes in different margins including tax planning and investment. I use administrative tax data on all privately held Finnish corporations and their main owners ... -
Do reduced working hours for older workers have health consequences and prolong work careers?
VATT Working Papers : 153 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 08.02.2023)I examine the effects of reduced working hours on various health outcomes. I focus on individuals close to retirement and exploit a reform in part-time pension rules. Using detailed register data on health and job spells ... -
The Effects of Employers' Disability and Unemployment Insurance Costs on Benefit Inflows
VATT Working Papers : 152 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 20.12.2022)In Finland, large firms are partially liable for the costs of disability and unemployment benefits paid to their former workers. To estimate the effects of such costs, we exploit a reform that extended this cost-sharing ... -
Paying Moms to Stay Home: Short and Long Run Effects on Parents and Children
VATT Working Papers : 151 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 29.11.2022)We study the impacts of a policy designed to reward mothers who stay at home rather than join the labor force when their children are under age three. We use regional and over time variation in child home care allowance ... -
Migration and tax policy: Evidence from Finnish full population data
VATT Working Papers : 150 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 27.10.2022)While evidence on the impact of taxation on the international migration of certain special groups of workers has expanded, evidence on the links between taxes and migration of the general population is extremely limited. ... -
The Incidence of Housing Allowances: Quasi-Experimental Evidence
VATT Working Papers : 149 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 13.10.2022)This paper studies the effects of housing allowances on rents. Our research design is based on a reform that made the allowance more generous for small housing units as a quasi-experimental setting. We find that large ... -
The impact of mortgage regulation on homeownership and household leverage: Evidence from Finland's LTV reform
VATT Working Papers : 148 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 12.10.2022)This paper examines the impact of a limit on loan-to-value (LTV) ratios implemented in Finland in 2016. Focusing on households that buy an apartment for the first time, we evaluate how the regulation influenced household ... -
Once or Twice a Month? The Impact of Payment Frequency on Spending Behavior
VATT Working Papers : 147 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 23.09.2022)We study how the frequency of income payments affects consumption and spending behavior using plausibly exogenous variation across Finnish pension benefit recipients with different surname initials. We find that twice-a-month ... -
City-wide effects of new housing supply: Evidence from moving chains
VATT Working Papers : 146 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 31.08.2021)We study the city-wide effects of new, centrally-located market-rate housing supply using geo-coded total population register data from the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. The supply of new market rate units triggers moving ... -
Incentives, Health, and Retirement: Evidence from a Finnish Pension Reform
VATT Working Papers : 145 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 05.07.2021)We analyse the effects of changes in retirement incentives on retirement behaviour, and in particular whether individuals' health status modifes the effects of retirement incentives. We study these issues in the context ... -
Wage and Employment Discrimination by Gender in Labor Market Equilibrium
VATT Working Papers : 144 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 28.05.2021)This paper develops an equilibrium search model to study the mechanisms underlying the lifecycle gender wage gap: human capital accumulation, preference for job amenities, and employers’ statistical discrimination in wage ... -
The Effects of Unemployment Assistance on Unemployment Exits
VATT Working Papers : 143 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 19.03.2021)Many countries have a two-tiered unemployment compensation system which provides earnings-related unemployment insurance for a limited period of time and less generous unemployment assistance thereafter. This study evaluates ... -
Removing Welfare Traps: Employment Responses in the Finnish Basic Income Experiment
VATT Working Papers : 142 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 17.03.2021)This paper provides evidence that replacing minimum unemployment benefits with a basic income of equal size has minor employment effects at best. We examine an experiment in Finland in which 2,000 benefit recipients were ... -
Household heterogeneity in valuation of heating energy costs
VATT Working Papers : 141 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 16.03.2021)This paper studies consumer heterogeneity in the valuation of lifetime heating energy costs. The valuation is expressed as the willingness to pay higher upfront costs to obtain savings over the lifetime of the heating ... -
Mortality Inequality in Finland
VATT Working Papers : 140 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 26.02.2021)We study inequality in mortality in Finland using registry data that covers the whole population for years 1990-2018. We create municipality-level indexes of regional deprivation (poverty rate), and show how age-specifc ... -
School starting age, maternal age at birth, and child outcomes
VATT Working Papers : 139 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 23.02.2021)This paper analyses the effects of maternal school starting age and maternal age-at-birth on children’s short and long-term outcomes using Finnish register data. We exploit a school-starting-age rule for identification. ... -
Using Payroll Tax Variation to Unpack the Black Box of Firm-Level Production
VATT Working Papers : 138 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 29.01.2021)This paper uses quasi-experimental variation in payroll tax rates in Finland to investigate how firms use their input factors. We find that higher payroll tax rates lead to large employment responses and have no effects ... -
Resource and Environmental Policies for the Mining Industry: What Should Governments Do About the Increasing Social and Environmental Risks?
VATT Working Papers : 137 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 29.12.2020)Growing demand for materials required in the construction of renewable technologies and zeroemission infrastructure may signal significant changes for the minerals and metals market. These in turn might exacerbate the ... -
Technology, Labour Market Institutions and Early Retirement: Evidence from Finland
VATT Working Papers : 136 (Valtion taloudellinen tutkimuskeskus, 23.12.2020)There are two major barriers to increasing employment of older workers. First, older workers engaged in codifiable, routine tasks are particularly prone to the risk of being displaced by computers and robots. Second, several ...
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